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The transmission of infectious diseases follows a sequence known as the 'chain of infection'. To prevent the spread of infections, understanding and interrupting this chain is crucial.
The initial step in the infection chain involves the causative agent, such as bacteria and viruses, which are pathogens capable of causing diseases.
Pathogens reside and multiply in various reservoirs, including humans, animals, water, or soil, serving as the source of the infection.
Pathogens exit their host or reservoir through various means, including saliva, mucus, broken skin, and body fluids, paving the way for infection transmission.
The mode of transmission refers to the method by which pathogens are passed from one individual to another, including direct contact, indirect contact, or airborne transmission.
Pathogens enter a new host through various portals, such as broken skin, respiratory tract, mucous membranes, or via medical interventions like needle insertion.
The final link in the chain is the susceptible host, whose risk of infection depends on their health status and immune system strength.
Interrupting any link in the chain can prevent the spread of infection. Strategies include good hand hygiene, safe waste disposal, proper use of PPE, and management of laundry.
Implementing standard precautions in every situation is essential for reducing the risk of infection and maintaining high-quality care and support.
